Free US citizenship practice test (10 questions)
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Question 1How many U.S. senators does Texas have?
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Answer: A — Two.
Every state, large or small, has two senators.
Checked against: USCIS 128 civics questions (2025), question 27
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Question 2Which official heads the executive branch?
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Answer: B — The President.
The President leads the executive branch.
Checked against: USCIS 128 civics questions (2025), question 17
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Question 3How many years is one presidential term?
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Answer: B — Four.
A President is elected for four years and can serve only two terms (22nd Amendment).
Checked against: USCIS 128 civics questions (2025), question 36
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Question 4To vote in a federal election, what must you be?
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Answer: A — A U.S. citizen.
Only U.S. citizens can vote in federal elections.
Checked against: USCIS 128 civics questions (2025), question 64
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Question 5Which future President wrote the Declaration of Independence?
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Answer: A — Thomas Jefferson.
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and later became the third President.
Checked against: USCIS 128 civics questions (2025), question 78
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Question 6The Declaration of Independence dates from which year?
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Answer: D — 1776.
The Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776.
Checked against: USCIS 128 civics questions (2025), question 79
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Question 7Which President led the United States during the Civil War?
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Answer: A — Abraham Lincoln.
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President, led the U.S. during the Civil War.
Checked against: USCIS 128 civics questions (2025), question 94
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Question 8Which song is the national anthem of the United States?
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Answer: B — The Star-Spangled Banner.
The national anthem is 'The Star-Spangled Banner'.
Checked against: USCIS 128 civics questions (2025), question 123
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Question 9How many stars are on the U.S. flag, and what do they stand for?
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Answer: B — 50 stars, one for each state.
The flag has 50 stars, one for each state; the 13 stripes stand for the original colonies.
Checked against: USCIS 128 civics questions (2025), question 122
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Question 10Which holiday celebrates the country's birthday?
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Answer: D — Independence Day.
Independence Day celebrates independence from Britain: the country's birthday.
Checked against: USCIS 128 civics questions (2025), question 125
Official passing standard: 12 correct answers out of 20 (2025 civics test; the officer stops after 12 right or 9 wrong)
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US citizenship format
The civics test is oral: the officer reads the question and you answer in your own words. USCIS does not publish a time limit for it.
| US citizenship | Official rule |
|---|---|
| Which civics test you take | Filed Form N-400 before October 20, 2025: the 2008 civics test. Filed on or after October 20, 2025: the 2025 civics test. source |
| 2025 civics test | Oral test: the officer asks up to 20 questions from a list of 128; you pass with 12 correct answers source |
| When the officer stops | As soon as you have answered 12 questions correctly, or 9 questions incorrectly source |
| 2008 civics test (older applications) | Up to 10 questions from a list of 100; 6 correct answers to pass source |
| Reading test | Read aloud correctly 1 of 3 sentences source |
| Writing test | Write correctly 1 of 3 sentences read out by the officer; spelling, capital or punctuation errors only count if the officer cannot understand the sentence source |
| Speaking test | Judged by the officer during the interview on your Form N-400: you must understand and answer questions about your application source |
| If you fail a part | Two attempts in total: you are retested only on the part you failed, between 60 and 90 days after the first interview source |
| Age 65+ with 20 years as a permanent resident | 10 questions from a special list of 20 (marked with an asterisk); 6 correct to pass; civics test in the language of your choice source |
| English exemptions | Age 50+ with 20 years as a permanent resident, or 55+ with 15 years, at filing: no English test, civics still required (in your language, with an interpreter) source |
| Answers that change | For the President, Vice President, Speaker of the House and Chief Justice, give the name of the person serving on the day of your interview (USCIS test updates page) source |
| Official study material | Free on uscis.gov: the list of 128 questions and answers, the 2025 study guide, and the reading and writing vocabulary lists source |
Checked on the official sources on October 12, 2026. Rules change: always confirm on the official site before test day.
What the US citizenship test is
The naturalization test happens during your naturalization interview with a USCIS officer. It has two parts: an English test (speaking, reading and writing) and a civics test on US history and government (USCIS). There is no separate test day: everything happens at the interview, after you file Form N-400.
2008 or 2025 civics test: which one is yours
The version depends only on the date you filed Form N-400 (USCIS test updates):
| You filed Form N-400 | Civics test | Questions asked | To pass |
|---|---|---|---|
| Before October 20, 2025 | 2008 test (list of 100) | up to 10 | 6 correct |
| On or after October 20, 2025 | 2025 test (list of 128) | up to 20 | 12 correct |
Under the 2025 test, the officer stops as soon as you have 12 correct answers, or 9 wrong answers (USCIS Policy Manual). Our free test above and our practice pack follow the 2025 test, which is the one for everyone filing now.
How the civics test works
- It is oral. The officer reads a question from the list of 128 and you answer out loud. USCIS accepts the answers on its list and "an alternative phrasing of the correct answer" (Policy Manual).
- The list is public. USCIS publishes all 128 questions with their accepted answers, for free (128 Civics Questions and Answers). Start there: our practice questions are written from it.
- Some answers change. For the President, the Vice President, the Speaker of the House and the Chief Justice, you give the name of the person serving on the day of your interview. Check the test updates page a few days before.
- Some answers depend on where you live: your senators, your representative, your governor and your state capital. Find them on senate.gov, house.gov and usa.gov before the interview. Residents of Washington, D.C. and the territories have specific answers, given on the USCIS list.
The English test
- Speaking: there is no separate speaking test. The officer judges your English while going through your Form N-400 with you. You pass if you generally understand and answer the questions about your application (Policy Manual).
- Reading: you read aloud one sentence out of three, correctly. The officer stops when you have read one.
- Writing: the officer reads a sentence and you write it. You need one correct sentence out of three. Spelling, capital letters and punctuation only count against you if the officer cannot understand the sentence; an abbreviation, a different sentence or one or two isolated words fail.
- The sentences use simple civics vocabulary. USCIS publishes the reading and writing vocabulary lists (text-only versions).
Exceptions and special consideration
- 50/20 and 55/15: if, when you file, you are 50 or older with 20 years as a permanent resident, or 55 or older with 15 years, you do not take the English test. You still take the civics test, in your language with an interpreter (Policy Manual).
- 65/20: if, when you file, you are 65 or older with 20 years as a permanent resident, you study only the 20 questions marked with an asterisk on the USCIS list. The officer asks 10 of them and you need 6 correct answers, and you may take the civics test in the language of your choice (USCIS 128 questions).
- Medical disability: a doctor's certification on Form N-648 may exempt you from English, civics or both.
If you do not pass
You have two attempts. If you fail any part at the first interview, USCIS retests you on that part only, between 60 and 90 days later, with different test forms (USCIS). If you fail the same part again, the application is denied. Unless USCIS excuses you, not showing up to the retest counts as a failed attempt.
How to prepare, honestly
- Download the free USCIS list of 128 questions. It is the reference: the officer asks from it.
- Learn by theme, not by number. Government (principles, Congress, President, courts, rights), history (independence, the 1800s, the 1900s and after) and symbols and holidays. Facts link to each other: the 22nd Amendment, two terms, four years.
- Test yourself. Multiple-choice practice shows quickly which topics you do not know yet. Then close the page and say the answers out loud, because the real test is oral.
- Write your local answers on a card: your two senators, your representative, your governor and your state capital.
- Practice the English test: read short civics sentences out loud and write sentences someone dictates to you, using the vocabulary lists.
- Know your own Form N-400. The officer goes through it with you: addresses, jobs, trips abroad, marital history and the yes/no questions of Part 9. Answer truthfully, and ask the officer to repeat or rephrase if you do not understand.
USCIS also publishes a free 2025 civics study guide, One Nation, One People, on its Study for the Test page. You do not need to buy anything to apply or to pass.
Frequently asked questions
How many questions are on the US citizenship civics test in 2026?
If you filed Form N-400 on or after October 20, 2025, you take the 2025 civics test: the officer asks up to 20 questions from the list of 128, and you pass with 12 correct answers. If you filed before that date, you take the 2008 test: up to 10 questions from a list of 100, with 6 correct answers to pass. Source
Is the civics test multiple choice?
No. It is an oral test: the officer reads each question and you answer out loud. USCIS accepts the answers on its list and also alternative phrasings of a correct answer. Multiple-choice practice helps you learn the facts; also practice saying the answers out loud. Source
What happens if I fail the citizenship test?
You get two chances. If you fail any part at your interview (English or civics), USCIS retests you only on that part between 60 and 90 days later, with different test forms. If you fail again, the application is denied. Source
Do I have to take the English test?
Most applicants do. You are exempt from the English test, but still take the civics test, if at the time of filing you were 50 or older with 20 years as a permanent resident, or 55 or older with 15 years. A medical disability exception (Form N-648) can also apply. Source
What is the 65/20 rule?
If you are 65 or older and have been a permanent resident for at least 20 years when you file, you only study 20 specially marked questions. The officer asks 10 of them and you need 6 correct answers. You may take the civics test in the language of your choice. Source
Who is the President, Vice President, Speaker and Chief Justice for the test?
Give the name of the person serving on the day of your interview. On October 12, 2026, the USCIS test updates page lists Donald J. Trump (President), JD Vance (Vice President), Mike Johnson (Speaker of the House) and John Roberts (Chief Justice). Check the page again just before your interview. Source
Are the official study materials free?
Yes. USCIS publishes the 128 questions and answers, a 2025 civics study guide and the reading and writing vocabulary lists for free on uscis.gov. A practice pack is optional: it adds mock tests, explanations and interview practice, but you do not need to buy anything to apply or to pass. Source
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Sources
- 128 Civics Questions and Answers (2025 version), Form M-1778 (09/25) — USCIS (checked October 12, 2026)
- Study for the Test (2008 and 2025 civics tests, English test) — USCIS (checked October 12, 2026)
- The Naturalization Interview and Test — USCIS (checked October 12, 2026)
- USCIS Policy Manual, Volume 12, Part E, Chapter 2: English and Civics Testing — USCIS (checked October 12, 2026)
- Check for Test Updates (answers that change with elections and appointments) — USCIS (checked October 12, 2026)
- Citizenship resources in text-only format: reading and writing vocabulary lists — USCIS (checked October 12, 2026)
- Form N-400, Application for Naturalization (edition 01/20/25) — USCIS (checked October 12, 2026)
- Instructions for Form N-400 (edition 01/20/25) — USCIS (checked October 12, 2026)
- The Constitution of the United States (full text and amendments) — National Archives (checked October 12, 2026)
- The Constitution: Amendments 11-27 (transcript) — National Archives (checked October 12, 2026)
The naturalization test is given by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), which publishes the official study materials for free on uscis.gov. passmock is an independent practice service: it is not affiliated with, endorsed or sponsored by USCIS or any government agency, and buying a practice pack is not required to apply or to pass. Our questions are original practice questions written from the official test description and study materials; they are not questions from the real test.
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