What this section covers: Emotional and Mental Health Needs (8%, 5 scored items), Spiritual and Cultural Needs (2%, 1 scored item).
12 free practice questions
Click an answer: you see at once whether it is right, with the explanation.
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Question 1Which approach can help a resident with dementia who sundowns?
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Answer: C — Keeping a daily routine with calm activities before bedtime.
MedlinePlus recommends a daily routine, calm reassurance, calm activities at the end of the day and the same bedtime every night. Sleep aids should not be given without the provider because many make confusion worse.
Checked against: MedlinePlus, Dementia - behavior and sleep problems (Tips)
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Question 2A resident with dementia shouts angrily at the aide during care. What is the best response?
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Answer: D — Stay calm, try to distract him and not take the behavior personally.
MedlinePlus advises staying calm, distracting the person, not touching or restraining them unless needed for safety, and not taking the behavior personally. If anyone is in danger, get help.
Checked against: MedlinePlus, Dementia - behavior and sleep problems (angry outburst)
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Question 3A resident with dementia tells a story about her past with some facts wrong. What should the aide do?
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Answer: A — Listen and not insist on correcting her.
Many people with dementia remember the distant past better than recent events and like to talk about it. MedlinePlus says not to insist on correcting them even if they remember something wrong.
Checked against: MedlinePlus, Dementia - daily care (Tips For Talking)
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Question 4How should the aide approach a resident with dementia to avoid startling her?
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Answer: C — Make eye contact before touching or speaking to her.
To avoid surprising the person, MedlinePlus advises making eye contact before touching or speaking. A sudden touch from behind can frighten a person with dementia.
Checked against: MedlinePlus, Dementia - daily care (Tips For Talking)
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Question 5A resident with dementia says she sees people in her room at night who are not there. What can help?
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Answer: A — Reducing stimulation and keeping enough light for her to see where she is if she wakes.
For hallucinations, MedlinePlus suggests decreasing stimulation, avoiding violent or action-packed shows and keeping enough light in the bedroom that the person can see where she is if she wakes, while keeping it dark enough to sleep.
Checked against: MedlinePlus, Dementia - behavior and sleep problems (hallucinations)
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Question 6A resident with dementia becomes upset when she sees her reflection. What does MedlinePlus suggest?
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Answer: D — Take down or cover the mirrors.
MedlinePlus lists taking down or covering mirrors among the ways to keep the home of a person with dementia stress-free, along with low lighting that does not create shadows and no bare bulbs.
Checked against: MedlinePlus, Dementia - behavior and sleep problems
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Question 7A dying resident no longer responds when the aide speaks to him. What should the aide do?
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Answer: A — Keep talking calmly to him, because he can probably still hear.
MedlinePlus says to talk calmly to the person even if you get no response, because they can probably still hear you. Holding hands and a soothing environment also help.
Checked against: MedlinePlus, Palliative care - what the final days are like (What you can do)
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Question 8Which life change can increase the risk of depression in an older adult?
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Answer: A — Moving from home into a care facility.
MedlinePlus lists moving from home to a retirement facility, chronic illness or pain, the death of a spouse or friends and loss of independence as changes that can increase the risk of depression.
Checked against: MedlinePlus, Depression in older adults (Causes)
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Question 9Nurse aide training must teach mental health and social service needs. Which topic is part of that list?
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Answer: D — Using the resident's family as a source of emotional support.
Federal rules list modifying the aide's behavior in response to residents' behavior, awareness of developmental tasks of aging, responding to resident behavior, supporting personal choices and dignity, and using the family as a source of emotional support.
Checked against: 42 CFR 483.152(b)(4) Mental health and social service needs
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Question 10A resident asks to attend a religious service held in the facility. What should the aide do?
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Answer: A — Help her get there, because residents have the right to take part in religious activities.
Federal rules give residents the right to participate in social, religious and community activities that do not interfere with the rights of other residents. Aides help residents get to activities they choose.
Checked against: 42 CFR 483.10(f)(8)
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Question 11A resident does not eat pork for religious reasons. Which statement is correct?
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Answer: C — Facility menus must reflect the religious, cultural and ethnic needs of residents, so a substitute should be offered.
Federal rules require menus to reflect, based on the facility's reasonable efforts, the religious, cultural and ethnic needs of the resident population. The aide tells the nurse or dietary staff so an alternative is served.
Checked against: 42 CFR 483.60(c)(4) Menus
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Question 12What must the care planning process include about a resident's culture?
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Answer: D — The resident's personal and cultural preferences in developing goals of care.
Federal rules say the care planning process must incorporate the resident's personal and cultural preferences in developing goals of care, and must include the resident and his or her representative.
Checked against: 42 CFR 483.10(c)(3)(iii)
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